Obesity Medicine

Obesity and Diabetes

Patients with type 2 diabetes are obese, and the global epidemic of obesity, its incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes over the past 20 years has given glance of diabetes in recent times. Excess weight is the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes, most of the obese individuals do not develop type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have identified relation between obesity and type 2 diabetes as it involves proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6), insulin resistance, deranged fatty acid metabolism, and cellular processes such as mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These interactions are complex, and each of the are unclearly defined. Further genetic studies may elucidate additional  pathophysiological pathways for obesity and diabetes and identify promising new treatment targets. As physicians frequently prescribe glucose lowering medications associated with weight gain, as it results in  glycemic control and body weight and  current therapeutic options need more consideration. The issue is particularly concentrating on the evidence that even modest weight reduction whether through lifestyle or behavioral interventions, obesity medications, or bariatric surgery can improve glycemic control and reduce diabetes risk.