Obesity Medicine

Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity

Obesity is closely linked to endocrine and metabolic disorders, most notably type 2 diabetes. Excess body fat contributes to insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, and chronic inflammation, leading to metabolic dysfunction. Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ, releasing hormones and cytokines that influence appetite, energy balance, and insulin sensitivity. Obesity also affects thyroid function, sex hormones, and cortisol regulation, further complicating metabolic health. Effective management of obesity in patients with diabetes or endocrine disorders requires an integrated approach that combines lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and close medical monitoring. Nutritional strategies focusing on low-glycemic diets, caloric restriction, and balanced macronutrients support glucose control and weight reduction. Physical activity enhances insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular health, and energy expenditure. Emerging therapies targeting specific hormonal pathways and metabolic regulators are under investigation to optimize outcomes. Collaboration between endocrinologists, diabetologists, dietitians, and behavioral specialists is essential to provide individualized care. Understanding the bidirectional relationship between obesity and endocrine disorders helps clinicians prevent complications, improve patient quality of life, and achieve sustainable weight management.